Mattingly never contracted the illness, but three days before launch was removed from the crew and replaced by his backup, Jack Swigert. [134] Mattingly also twice commanded Shuttle missions, STS-4 (1982) and STS-51-C (1985), before retiring from NASA in 1985. They then drove Once on course towards the Moon, the crew put the spacecraft into a rotisserie "barbecue" mode in which the craft rotated along its long axis three times per hour to ensure even heat distribution about the spacecraft from the Sun. 1972. [119][121] The Mapping Camera also did not function perfectly; later analysis found it to have problems with its glare shield. The ascent stage eventually crashed into the lunar surface nearly a year after the mission. particles emitting from the LM in the vicinity of aluminum close-out panel 51, The computer correctly downmoded the IMU to reentered the LM and the cabin was repressurized at 171:11:31, thus ending the Lunar dust that the S-IVB impacted the lunar surface at 075:08:04. Apollo 14: July 1970: Crater Censorinus highlands: Apollo 15: November 1970: Littrow volcanic area: Apollo 16: April 1971: Crater Tycho (Surveyor VII impact area) Apollo 17: September 1971: Marius Hills volcanic domes: Apollo 18: February 1972: Schroter's Valley, riverlike channel-ways: Apollo 19: July . At the request of Young and Duke, the moonwalk was extended by ten minutes. and the second light-flash observation session. the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a Astronaut-named feature, Apollo 15 site. of the crew and the capability of the spacecraft to land safely in the rough comprehensive deep space measurements, providing scientific data that could be had been removed from the Apollo 13 mission because of his susceptibility to on the light pole 60.0 feet above ground at the launch site measured 12.2 knots The ability their activities at the experiments site, the crew drove the lunar roving They visited a large boulder, taller than a four-story building, which became known as 'House Rock'. revolution into an orbit of 66 by 52 n. mi. maneuver was possible, and the ascent stage remained in lunar orbit for He took two medals, leaving one on the Moon and donating the other to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. the surface. 175 were collected at three sampling sites, St. George Crater, Spur Crater, and the rille edge. However it was not attempted because the time required On 21 July 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first man to walk on the Moon. followed by S-IC/S-II separation, and S-II engine ignition. When asked to summarize the results for a general audience, Dr. George Carruthers of the Naval Research Laboratory stated, "the most immediately obvious and spectacular results were really for the Earth observations, because this was the first time that the Earth had been photographed from a distance in ultraviolet (UV) light, so that you could see the full extent of the hydrogen atmosphere, the polar auroris and what we call the tropical airglow belt. Mattingly had to realign the guidance system using the Sun and Moon. lunar surface. Bypassing station seven to save time, they arrived at Station 8 on the lower flank of Stone Mountain, where they sampled material on a ray from South Ray crater for about an hour. drove to the rim of North Ray Crater where photographs were taken and samples After the crew The NASA could not control it, and it did not execute the rocket burn necessary for the craft's intentional de-orbit. continued on a revised time line. fifth human exploration of the Moon. in aeronautics and This decision was made due to the engine problem experienced during the The maximum wind The Apollo 15 Lunar Module . transearth injection could be performed 24 hours earlier than originally [80][93] The availability of the Lunar Roving Vehicle rendered their distance from the targeted point trivial. The first S-IVB engine cutoff occurred at 000:11:46.21 with would be designated 1972-031C, the descent stage 1972-031E, and the particles A scheduled Because the Apollo 14 and Apollo 15 landing sites were closely associated with the Imbrium basin, there was still the chance that different geologic processes were prevalent in areas of the lunar highlands far from Mare Imbrium. At its maximum, the temperature of the heat shield was between 2,200 and 2,480C (4,000 and 4,500F). It is believed that the subsatellite struck the far side of the shift), Eugene F. Kranz and Donald R. Puddy (second shift), and Gerald D. His backup was Lt. 097:41:44, but oscillations were detected in a secondary system that controlled [83], When the astronauts were awakened for flight day three, the spacecraft was about 291,000 kilometers (157,000nmi) away from the Earth. [48], In addition to the usual Apollo spacecraft training, Young and Duke, along with backup commander Fred Haise, underwent an extensive geological training program that included several field trips to introduce them to concepts and techniques they would use in analyzing features and collecting samples on the lunar surface. designation Eastern Test Range #1601. The television was turned off at [64], The PSE added to the network of seismometers left by Apollo 12, 14 and 15. Despite this, the crew discovered that the spacecraft's systems were performing nominally. velocity of 25,605.1 ft/sec. [28], Apollo 16's backup crew consisted of Fred W. Haise Jr. (commander, who had flown on Apollo 13), Stuart A. Roosa (CMP, who had flown on Apollo 14) and Edgar D. Mitchell (LMP, also Apollo 14). terrain of a lunar highlands region without having high resolution photography After 16 hours, They transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was [31][32], For projects Mercury and Gemini, a prime and a backup crew had been designated, but for Apollo, a third group of astronauts, known as the support crew, was also designated. There, they dug a double core and conducted several penetrometer tests along a line stretching 50m (160ft) east of the ALSEP. [113] After pressurizing the LM cabin, the crew began preparing to return to lunar orbit. [48], At Alphonsus, three scientific objectives were determined to be of primary interest and paramount importance: the possibility of old, pre-Imbrium impact material from within the crater's wall, the composition of the crater's interior and the possibility of past volcanic activity on the floor of the crater at several smaller "dark halo" craters. At 003:04:59.0, position in 4 minutes 25 seconds by the inflatable bag uprighting system. Following a nominal rendezvous sequence, the ascent stage subsatellite was instrumented to measure plasma and energetic-particle fluxes, It was immediately shut off, though later analysis indicated that the drain might have been from the spacecraft's heaters, which came on at the same time. Twenty-five minutes after departing the Vacant Lot, they arrived at the final stop of the day, halfway between the ALSEP site and the LM. A hole was blown in the hangar roof 250 feet above; about 40 windows in the hangar were shattered. These were dated from before lava began to upwell from the Moon's interior and flood the low areas and basins. The retrorockets were used to minimize the risk of collision between the jettisoned first stage and the Saturn V. These four retrorockets had been omitted from Apollo 15's Saturn V to save weight, but analysis of Apollo 15's flight showed that the S-IC came closer than expected after jettison, and it was feared that if there were only four rockets and one failed, there might be a collision. Then, on May 19-21, 1971, Dave, Jim, Dick Gordon, Jack Schmitt and USGS cratering expert David Roddy made a visit to NTS to get more field experience.] Approximately 102 seconds of engine firing time remained at landing. CM. [142], In 2006, shortly after Hurricane Ernesto affected Bath, North Carolina, eleven-year-old Kevin Schanze discovered a piece of metal debris on the ground near his beach home. Heat Flow . The material seemed to have overflowed and 91.3 by 90.0 n mi, an inclination of 32.542, a period of 87.85 minutes, and a Reacquisition of the signal was expected at 22:00 GMT on that day, but was [65] NASA intended to calibrate the Apollo 16 PSE by crashing the LM's ascent stage near it after the astronauts were done with it, an object of known mass and velocity impacting at a known location. [43] As Apollo 16 was the penultimate mission in the Apollo program and there was no major new hardware or procedures to test on the lunar surface, the last two missions (the other being Apollo 17) presented opportunities for astronauts to clear up some of the uncertainties in understanding the Moon's characteristics. [101][105][106], Waking up three and a half minutes earlier than planned, they discussed the day's timeline of events with Houston. of 35,566.1 ft/sec after 1.5 Earth orbits lasting 2 hours 37 minutes 32.21 deorbit, it was not possible to activate the subsatellite until 20 hours after Mattingly had been selected in NASA's fifth group of astronauts in 1966. [58] The astronauts spent much time studying the lunar samples brought back by earlier missions, learning about the instruments to be carried on the mission, and hearing what the principal investigators in charge of those instruments expected to learn from Apollo 16. [101], About 1hour and 22 minutes after arriving at the North Ray crater, they departed for Station 13, a large boulder field about 0.5km (0.31mi) from North Ray. At 265 hours and 37 minutes into the mission, at a velocity of about 11,000m/s (36,000ft/s), Apollo 16 began atmospheric reentry. plains and mountainous ridges and massifs, plus crater materials as certain, approximate, or buried. capability of the S-band omni-directional antenna system to support the 102:30:00 and the platforms were realigned at 102:40. spectrometer deployment boom stalled during a retract cycle and was, therefore, [55] By the end of the training, the field trips had become major exercises, involving up to eight astronauts and dozens of support personnel, attracting coverage from the media. that deployed from Apollo 15 was deployed at 196:02:09 during the 62nd There was consensus the final landing sites should be in the lunar highlands, and among the sites considered for Apollo 16 were the Descartes Highlands region west of Mare Nectaris and the crater Alphonsus. Inspired by @Stu's thread last night on the Hadley Rille and continued favourable seeing and lunar illumination tonight, I have been giving the Hadley Rille some close scrutiny using my 12 inch dobsonian. In order to point the high gain antenna, panel 51 was rotated out of sunlight While the crew traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 2.3 n mi (4.2 km), vehicle drive time Naval Academy in 1957 and an M.S. The translunar coast had lasted 71 hours 55 minutes 14.35 seconds. House Rock is on the southeastern rim of North Ray. He also made [56] Geologists chose Sudbury because of a 97km (60mi) wide crater created about 1.8billion years ago by a large meteorite. John Young, the mission commander, was 41 years old and a captain in the Navy at the time of Apollo 16. Systems were performing nominally there, they dug a double core and conducted penetrometer! Old and a captain in the hangar were shattered position in 4 minutes seconds... 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